Ko e Fakamaau‘anga “Tangi” pē Fakamaau‘anga “Kole?” ^Featured

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‘   Oku fa‘oaki / fakafonuaki ‘ae ‘ilo moe poto meihe ako koe liliu he ‘atamai-fakakaukau moe ongo-loto he fonua / kalatua mo fetu‘utaki / talaki he tala / lea koe liliu fakahokohoko meihe vale kihe ‘ilo kihe poto mo fetu‘utaki / talaki he tala / lea koe ongo vaka.

Filosofī ako fakaTonga ‘ae tā-vā ‘oe ‘iai

Ko e Fakamaau‘anga “Tangi” pē Fakamaau‘anga “Kole?”

Koe Liliulea Tonga & Liliulea ‘Ingilisi

Tavakefai‘ana, Sēmisi Fetokai Kulīha‘apai Moahehengi‘ovava‘ulahi Potauaine

Unitec Institute of Technology & Vava‘u Academy for Critical Inquiry & Applied Research

Palōfesa Maui-TāVā-He-Ako, Dr Tēvita O. Ka‘ili

BYU Hawai‘i & Vava‘u Academy for Critical Inquiry & Applied Research

Palōfesa Hūfanga-He-Ako-Moe-Lotu, Dr ‘Ōkusitino Māhina

Vava‘u Academy for Critical Inquiry & Applied Research

Na‘a mau talanoa he ‘atikolo fakamuimui he kōlomu ni he mā‘uhinga moe ‘aonga lahi ke lau mo kau fakataha mo “fakatatau” ‘ae ngaahi ‘ilo (moe poto) FakaTonga tupu‘a / tu‘ufonua moe FakaUēsite muli / fo‘ou he‘enau “tōtatau” moe “tōkehekehe” he ngāue ‘ae ngaahi kupu lalahi ‘oe “mafai” ‘i Tonga.

‘Oku vahevahe ‘ihe Konisitūtone moe Lao ‘a Tonga ‘ae “mafai” (pē “pule”)[1] ‘i Tonga kihe ngaahi kupu moe ngaahi ngafa tau‘atāina kehekehe lalahi ‘e tolu koe, ‘uluaki, koe “Falealea moe Fa‘ulao;” ua, koe “Fakatahatokoni moe Fakamo‘onilao;” moe, tolu, koe “Fakamaau‘anga moe Fakahokolao.”

Na‘a mau taukave ke “fakatatau” / “fakafenāpasi” ‘ae felekeu he “maau” moe “potupotutatau” ke ma‘u ‘ae “faka‘ofo‘ofa” moe “‘aonga” mo‘oni ‘ae “foaki” moe “takitaki” / “fakafetongi” he FakaTonga – moe “totongi” moe “fakamo‘oni”[2] he FakaUēsite / Faka‘Iulope, ‘o tautefito he Fa‘ulao ‘ae Falealea.

‘Oku tefito ‘ae “foaki” koe “sio‘ofa” / “siokitu‘a” moe “takitaki” / “fakafetongi” koe “siofetokoniaki” he mo‘ui “fakatokolahi” / “fakakulupu” (“collectivistic”) FakaTonga[3] kae tu‘unga ‘ae “totongi” koe “siokita” / “siotupu” moe “fakamo‘oni” koe “siopau” he nofo “fakatokotaha” / “fakataautaha” (“individualsitic”) FakaUēsite / Faka‘Iulope[4].

‘Oku hoko ‘ae me‘a tatau hono “fakatatau” / “fakafenāpasi” ‘ae ngaahi ‘ilo / poto kehekehe FakaTonga mo FakaUēsite / Faka‘Iulope ‘oe “‘iai ‘e taha” (single level of reality) meihe ako ‘oku fa‘oaki / fakafonuaki he fonua / kalatua mo fetu‘utaki / talaki he tala / lea koe ongo “vaka” (mediums / vessels); ‘oku fua‘aki ‘ae ‘ilo / poto mo‘oni ‘ene tatau moe “iai.”

‘Oku lau ‘ae filosofī ako FakaTonga ‘ae tā-vā ‘oe ‘iai koe liliu fakakātoa fakataha ‘ae “‘atamai” moe “fakakaukau” he ‘uto, he tafa‘aki ‘e taha – moe "loto" moe "ongo" he fatu / mafu, he tafa‘aki ‘e taha – meihe “vale” kihe “‘ilo” kihe “poto,” he‘ene hokohoko faka‘iai / fakalōsiki; ‘oku fa‘oaki / fakafonuaki he fonua / kalatua mo fetu‘utaki / talaki he tala / lea koe ongo vaka ‘oe ‘ilo / poto.

‘Oku kau heni ‘ae liliu meihe fonua / kalatua moe tala / lea ‘Ingilisi kihe fonua / kalatua moe tala / lea Tonga. ‘Oku “hifo” ‘ae ‘ilo / poto ‘oe “me‘a tatau pē ‘e taha” he “‘iai” (one level of reality or temporality-spatiality) meihe “vaka” fakafonua / kalatua moe fakatala / lea ‘Ingilisi ‘o “heka” kihe “vaka” fakafonua / kalatua moe fakatala / lea Tonga – ‘o hangē koe liliu meihe lea ‘Ingilisi koe “appeal” kihe lea Tonga koe “tangi.”

‘Oku ma‘u lelei ‘eni hono liliulea ‘Ingilisi ‘ae “court of appeal” kihe “fakamaau / fakamaau‘anga tangi” he lea Tonga. ‘Oku ua ‘ae ‘uhinga ‘oe lea ‘Ingilisi koe “appeal” – koe, ‘uluaki, koe ‘uhinga fakafōnua / fakasōsiale” koe “‘kole’ ha me‘a ‘oku fakamaatoato mo fakavave, faka‘atamai mo fakaloto” – moe, ua, koe ‘uhinga fakalao koe “‘kole’ kiha Fakamaau‘anga Ma‘olunga kene “fakafoki” / “fulihi” (reverse) ha tu‘utu‘uni ‘aha Fakamaau‘anga Ma‘olalo”[5].

‘Oku ‘uhinga “fakahangatonu” (pē “fakahualela,” koe “lea kihe me‘a tofu pē ‘e taha ‘iate ia mātē”) ‘ae “appeal” he lea ‘Ingilisi kihe “kole” he lea Tonga – kae ‘uhinga koe “fakaafeafe” (pē “fakaheliaki,” koe “lea kihe me‘a taha kae ‘uhinga kihe me‘a ‘e taha”) ‘ae “appeal” he faka‘Ingilisi kihe “tangi” he fakaTonga – ‘aia ‘oku liliulea meihe lea Tonga kihe lea ‘Ingilisi koe “weeping” – ‘o ui he ‘uhinga ko ‘eni ‘ae “Fakamaau‘anga Tangi” koe “Court of Weeping.”

‘Oku tefito ‘ae “kole” (pē “tangi”) kiha “Fakamaau‘anga Ma‘olunga” ‘o hangē koe “Fakamaau‘anga Tangi” (pē “Fakamaau‘anga Kole”) ke “fakafoki” / “fulihi” ha tu‘utu‘uni ‘ae “Fakamaau‘anga Lahi” meihe “halaia” kihe “tonuhia” he ‘uhinga FakaUēsite / Faka‘Iulope. ‘Oku mālie fau mo mā‘uhinga atu ke toe “fakatatau” / “fakafenāpasi” ‘ae “fakamā” / “fakamamahi” (pē “mā” / “mamahi”) moe “fakafiefia” (pē “fiefia”) ‘oku “fakatokolahi” / “fakakulupu” ‘ene to‘ongafai he FakaTonga – moe “halaia” moe “tonuhia” he FakaUēsite / Faka‘Iulope ‘oku “fakatokotaha” / “fakataautaha” ‘ene angafai.

‘Oku ma‘u heni ‘ae toe ‘uhinga mālie mo loloto he ongo lea takitaha koe “kole” moe “tangi” – ‘o tefito tau‘atāina ‘ae “kole” he “fakafoki” / “fulihi” ‘ae tu‘utu‘uni meihe “halaia” kihe “tonuhia” he taukave ‘ae “faka‘iloa” (pē “kita”) – kae tu‘unga ‘ae “tangi” he “kita” (pē “faka‘iloa”) he‘ene “mamahi” (pē “tangi”) he tu‘utu‘uni ‘aha Fakamaau Ma‘olalo ke “halaia” (pē “fakamā” / “mā” / “mamahi,” he FakaTonga)[6] – ‘o hu‘unga ai ‘ene “tangi” (pē “kole”) kiha Fakamaau‘anga Ma‘olunga ke kumi ‘ene “tonuhia” (meihe “halaia” he FakaUēsite) (pē “fakafiefia” / “fiefia” meihe “fakamā” / “mā” / “mamahi” / “fakamamahi” he FakaTonga)[7].

‘Oku ngāue‘aki ‘ae lea Tonga koe “tangi” koe “heliaki” kihe ongo lea Tonga koe “fakatōkilalo” (kae ‘ikai koe “fakatōki‘olunga”) moe “faka‘aki‘akimui (kae ‘ikai koe “faka‘aki‘akimu‘a”) kihe lea Tonga koe “kole” koe lea fakapatonu kihe lea ‘Ingilisi koe “appeal.” ‘Oku tuha atu ‘eni moe “heliaki” kiha ngāue “mahu” (pē mohu / fonu) koe ngāue “hamu” (pē hala / masivesiva) koe “fakatōkilalo” moe “faka‘aki‘akimui” – ‘o kau ai ‘ae fakatū‘uta ngāue he fakaPangai. ʻOku hā foki ʻae lea "tangi" ʻi he fananga, ʻaia koe tautapa ʻaki ʻa e laulau / hiva ʻihe ongo, afo, pē fasi “fakafaʻahikehe” / “FakaPulotu” (‘aia kuo liliu meihe lea FakaTonga kihe lea Faka‘Ingilisi koe ongo, afo, pē fasi fakamīnoa / fakamaina).

Fakava‘e / Fakafutinouti

[1] ‘Oku liliu fakaofiofi ‘ae ongo lea Tonga koe “mafai” moe “pule” kihe ongo lea ‘Ingilisi koe “power” moe “authority” (‘o hangē koe “mafai” [pē koe tā, fuo, ‘aho, kula, mo‘ui, mata‘u ...] ‘a tangata – kae “pule” [pē koe vā, uho, pō, ‘uli, mate, hema ...] ‘a fafine koe ngaahi hoa / soa he fakafonua / fakasōsiale moe “pule‘anga” koe mohenga / pununga ‘oe “mafai” he fakapolitikale).

[2] Na‘e ngāue‘aki ‘ae liliulea Tonga koe “politiki” meihe lea ‘Ingilisi koe “politics” he fua ‘atikolo kae fetongi‘aki ‘ae lea Tonga koe “fakamo‘oni” ‘oku toe mahino lelei ange ‘ae ‘uhinga.

[3] ‘Oku “foaki” ‘aha taha ha me‘a / koloa ‘oku “lahi” ‘oku ne ma‘u kiha taha ‘oku “hala” pē ma‘u ha me‘a / koloa ‘oku “si‘i” he funga ‘oe “sio‘ofa” / “siokitu‘a” (‘oku mate kotoa ‘eni kihe “fakafetauhiaki” [caring], “fakafevahevaheaki” [sharing], moe “fakafetau‘atāinaaki” [liberating]) he fakaTonga (he fakatokolahi / fakakulupu) – kae “takitaki” / “fakafetongiaki” ‘aha taha ha me‘a / koloa ‘oku ne ma‘u koe “kole” / “fakafetongi” ha me‘a / koloa ‘oku ne fiema‘u ‘oku ma‘u ‘eha taha (‘oku mate kotoa ‘eni kihe “fakafe‘au‘auhi” [competition], “fakafehaua” [exploitation], moe “fakapōpula” [domination] he fakaUēsite / faka‘Iulope (he fakatokotaha / fakataautaha).

[4] ‘Oku “totongi” ‘aha taha ha me‘a / koloa ‘oku ne fakatau / fiema‘u ‘aha taha ‘oku ‘a‘ana, pea ‘oku ‘iai leva hono tohi “talitotongi” koe tohi “fakamo‘oni” ‘ae “fefakatauaki” hona vā / vaha‘a (he fakatokotaha / fakataautaha).

[5] ‘Oku hangē ‘eni koe “kole” (pē “tangi”) kihe “Fakamaau‘anga Lahi” ke fakafoki / fulihi ha tu‘utu‘uni ‘ae “Fakamaau‘anga Polisi” moe “kole” (pē “tangi”) kihe “Fakamaau‘anga Tangi” ke fakafoki / fulihi ha tu‘utu‘uni ‘ae “Fakamaau‘anga Lahi.”

[6] ‘Oku tefito ‘ae faiva fakamamahi (tragedy) hono fakatatau ‘ae fakafelavai pē fakahoko moe fakamāve ‘ae “anga‘itangata” (“sociality”) moe “anga‘imanu” (“animality”) ‘oku fakaola he “ma” / “fakamā” (shame) he funga ‘oe tatau moe potupotutatau ke ma‘u ‘ae mālie / faka‘ofo‘ofa moe ‘aonga / ngāue.

[7] ‘Oku tu‘unga ‘ae faiva fakaoli (comedy) hono fakatatau ‘ae fakafelavi pē fakahoko moe fakamāvae ‘ae “ngalipoto” (“normality”) moe “ngalivale” (“absurdity”) ‘oku fakaola he “kata” / “fakakata” (laughter) he funga ‘oe tatau moe potupotutatau ke ma‘u ‘ae mālie / faka‘ofo‘ofa moe ‘aonga / ngāue.

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