Fakamatala 'Ea pē Fakamatala Matangi? Featured
FONUA MOE TALA/CULTURE AND LANGUAGE
‘ATIKOLO 26: FAKAMATALA ‘EA PĒ FAKAMATALA MATANGI?
Fai ‘e Palōfesa Hūfanga Dr ‘Ōkusitino Māhina
Professor of Art, Culture and Critical Anthropology
Vava‘u Academy for Critical Inquiry and Applied Research (VACIAR) &
Moana University (MU)
Koe lea Tonga heliaki, paloveape, fakatātā: “Tala matangi fai ‘i fale” moe “Tu‘a tala matangi” – ‘Oku fakatou ‘uhinga kihe talamatangi koe ngāue faingata‘a fau ‘oku fai pē ‘ehe kau taukei moe pate‘i he ko ‘enau “kaimu‘a,” ‘aia ‘oku ‘uhinga ‘oku nau ‘ilo lahi taha kiai mo poto lahi taha ai, ‘o hangē koe kau toutaivaka, kau touiika moe kau fa‘a (‘Oku lau na‘e hifo atu ki fanga ‘ae toutai ‘iloa koia ko Pāhulu ‘o Ha‘afeva ‘oku teu folau ‘ae kau tangata ki Tonga ‘Eiki pea ne ta‘ofi he ‘e tō ‘ae matangi mālohi ka nau vilitaki pē ke folau ‘o nau mei mole mo mate, pea ne hifo atu he pongipongi hoko ‘oku no‘o honau vaka ‘i taulanga ‘oku mahaehae hono lā mo mafesifesi hono fanā, ‘o lea tau: “Kau tangata koe pehē atu ‘ehe puaka na‘e fuanifo ke mou nofo ka mou taukave!”)
Na‘a ku talanoa, he ‘atikolo 25, ki he toe fa‘ahinga kehekehe kae fekau‘aki ‘e ua ‘oe tufunga moe faiva tupu‘a fakaTonga koe tufunga tanusia (material art of mound-building) mo e faiva heulupe (performance art of pigeon-snaring), ‘o hangē tofu pē koe kehekehe kae felāve‘i ‘ae tufunga moe faiva tu‘ufonua fakaTonga ‘e ua koe tufunga tāpapafānifo (material art of surfboard-making) moe faiva fānifo (performance art of surfing). ‘Oku makatu‘unga ‘ae tufunga tāpapafānifo moe faiva fānifo he ngaahi ‘ilo moe poto fakafika mo faka‘enisinia tupu‘a (aerodynamic and hydrodynamic knowledge and skills) fakaTonga fekau‘aki moe matangi moe vai pē tahi kae tefito ‘ae tufunga tanusia moe faiva heulupe he ngaahi ‘ilo moe poto fakafika mo faka‘enisinia (aerodynamic knowledge and skills) tu‘ufonua fakaTonga ‘oku fehokotaki moe feangiaki ‘ae matangi (wind) kae pehē kihe fetafeaki ‘ae ivi (energy) moe fefusiaki ‘ae teke (force).
Teu lave heni, he ‘atikolo 26, kihe fili ke ngāue‘aki ‘ae lea koe “fakamatala ‘ea” moe lea koe “fakamatala matangi,” ‘aia koe lea Tonga koe “’ea” koe liliu ia ‘oe lea ‘Ingilisi koe “air” moe lea koe “matangi” koe to‘o pē ia mei he‘etau lea Tonga. ‘Oku fepakitu‘u hotau palanite ko Mamani moe faingata‘a moe ha‘aha‘a lahi fau he feliliuaki ‘ae me‘a ‘oku tau ui he lea ‘Ingilisi koe “weather” moe “climate” koe tupu mei hono tāpalasia ‘ehe fa‘ahinga ‘oe tangata ‘ae fo‘i Mamani, ‘o tupu ai ‘ene potupotukehekehe. ‘Oku ‘uhinga ‘ae “weather” kihe feliuliuaki faka‘aho ‘oe māfana-momoko moe mālohi-vaivai ‘oe matangi (changes of the winds over a short period of time-space) kae hanga ‘ae “climate” kihe feliliuaki fakamāhina, fakafa‘ahita‘u mo fakata‘u ‘oe māfana-momoko, mālohi-vaivai ‘ae matangi (changes of the winds over a long duration of time-space). ‘Oku toe ngāue‘aki ‘ae lea ‘Ingilisi koe “temperature” koe “fua māfana” he lea Tonga kihe māfana-momoko ‘oe mātangi.
‘Oku lahilahi hono liliu ‘ae lea ‘Ingilisi koe “weather forecast” (‘o ‘uhinga ko hono kikite‘i ‘ae feangiaki ‘ae matangi kihe kaha‘u pē koungamui] kihe lea Tonga koe “fakamatala ‘ea (fakafuofua),” ‘o fa‘a taku ‘o pehē, “koe tu‘u ‘eni ‘ae fakamatala ‘ea kihe kaha‘u, ‘e angiangi ‘ae matangi mei he tonga hahake, ‘o fe‘unga hono māfana moe milipā ‘e X mo hono mālohi moe maile tahi tikilī ‘e Y...” ‘Oku liliu ‘ae lea Tonga koe “milipā” mei he lea ‘Ingilisi koe “millibar” koe me‘afua ki hono fua ‘ae māfana-momoko ‘oe matangi moe lea Tonga koe “maile tahi” moe “tikilī” mei he lea ‘Ingilisi koe “nautical mile” moe “degree” koe me‘afua ki hono fua ‘ae mālohi-vaivai ‘oe matangi. ‘Oku ‘iai ‘ae lea Tonga mālie koe, “tala matangi fai ‘i fale,” ‘aia ‘oku ‘uhinga kiha taha ‘oku ne fai ha ngāue ‘oku ‘ikai ‘ilo kiai mo poto ai (‘aia ‘oku ‘ikai ko ‘ene “kai”), ‘o hangē koha taha ‘oku ‘ilo mo poto he tala matangi, ‘o hangē koe kau toutaivaka, kau toutaiika moe kau fa‘a, ‘o nau nofo ‘i tu‘afale ‘o sio lelei kihe feangaiaki ‘ae matangi kae ‘ikai ‘i lotofale ‘o puli mei he matangi.
‘Oku ‘iai ‘ae lea Tonga kihe fa‘ahinga kehekehe ‘oe matangi, ‘o hangē koe matangi mālohi, matangi vaivai, matangi māfana, matangi momoko, matangi taka, matangi mālie, matangi tamaki, matangi tōtakutaku moe fa‘ahinga kehekehe ‘oe angi ‘ae matangi, ‘o hangē koe līpoi ‘ae matangi, angi fakasiumalaki ‘ae matangi, funga ‘alakifonua ‘ae matangi, angai ‘ae matangi, angi taulua ‘ae matangi, ‘aia ‘oku ngāue‘aki he tufunga lea, faiva lea moe faiva ta‘anga pē faiva maau. ‘Oku ‘iai moe fa‘ahinga kehekehe ‘ae matangi mālohi, ‘aia koe afā moe ‘ahiohio, ‘o ‘asi lelei heni ‘ene fakamata pē fakaava (‘o hangē mata‘ifa‘o pē ava‘ifa‘o) koe, ‘aia ‘oku ‘iloa koe mata pē ava ‘oe matangi (eye or hole of the wind). ‘Oku hoko ‘ae “mata” pē “ava” ‘oe matangi koe feitu’u ia ‘oku mālohi taha ai ‘ae ivi (energy) pē teke (force), o hangē pē koe “mata pē ava ‘oe afi” (eye or hole of the fire), ‘aia koe me‘a kotoa pē ‘e hū he “mata” (eye) pē “ava,” ‘oku pau pē ke veteki, haveki mo laiki.
‘Oku vaka mai foki ‘ae ivi moe teke ‘oku fakatupu ‘ehe mofuike he tā-vā ‘oku pā pē vela ai ‘aha mo‘unga afi he vai pē tahi moe matangi, ‘o ne fakatupu ai ‘ae peau ‘oku ‘iloa ‘i Tonga moe Moana Pasifiki koe “peau kula,” ‘aia ‘oku ui ‘i Siapani koe “tsunami” moe ‘Ingilisi koe “tidal pē seismic sea waves.” ‘Oku hanga ‘ehe vela ‘aha mo‘ungaafi ‘o fakatupu ha ivi moha teke mālohi fau, ‘aia ‘oku kamata mei he fakapō‘ulilōlō (‘uli pē ‘uli‘uli) ‘oe loto mo‘ungaafi kihe fakapō‘ulilōlō (‘uli pē ‘uli‘uli) ‘ae kilisitahi ‘oe loto moana ‘uli‘uli, ‘o toki hake kihe fukahi vai pē tahi he kula pē kulokula ‘aho‘aho ‘ae la‘ā ‘oe ‘aho. ‘Oku mālie fau mo loloto ‘ae fakakaukau fakaTonga tupu‘a hono fokotu‘utu‘u ‘ae ivi moe teke, ‘aia ‘oku fa‘ahinga lalahi ‘e ua koe “kula” (red) moe “‘uli” (black), ‘aia ka mālohi ‘ae kula he ‘uli pea “mata pē ava kula” leva pea ka mālohi ‘ae ‘uli he kula pea ‘oku “mata pē ava ‘uli” leva. ‘Oku “mata pē ava kula” leva ‘ae “peau kula” [red wave] kae “mata pē ava ‘uli” leva ‘ae “matangi” [wind].
‘Oku ‘asi heni ‘ae matu‘aki mālie mo loloto ange ‘ae fakakaukau fakaTonga ‘oe “peau kula” he fakakaukau fakaSiapani ‘oe “tsunami,” ‘o ‘uhinga koe “peau taulanga” moe fakakaukau fakaUēsite ‘oe “tidal or seismic sea waves,” ‘aia ‘oku tuhu kihe “peau fakatupu ‘ehe hua-mo-mamaha” ‘ae tahi moe hā fua. ‘Oku akefua pē ‘ae peau kula he‘ene fononga mai he moana vavale mo loloto, ‘aia ‘oku vaka mai ai ‘ae ivi moe teke ‘oe peau moe matangi he mofuike mei he pā pē puna mei loto he mo‘ungaafi kihe kilisitahi ‘oe moana ‘uli‘uli, ‘o toki kamata ‘ene fakamata pē fakaava he‘ene pā pē fasi he fukahi tahi he‘ene ofi mai kihe matātahi pē matā‘uto‘uta, ‘aia koe me‘a kotoa pē ‘oku hū he “mata pē ava,” ‘oku pau ia ke veteki, haveki mo laiki. ‘Oku tupu mei he‘ene mālohi fau ‘ae peau hono ui koe “peau kula,” ‘aia koe “peau ta‘ane” pē “peau tangata,” ‘o ‘uhinga koe “peau tāmate.”
Na‘e toki tokanga‘i ‘ehe kakai hili ‘ae “peau kula” [tsunami] lahi na‘e tō mo hake ‘i ‘Ēsia he 2004 ta‘u na‘e a‘u mai hono hikuhiku moe ha‘aha‘a ki Ha‘amoa mo Niuatoputapu ‘ae to‘onga mālie mo mā‘uhinga ‘ae fanga monumanu, ‘o hangē koe fanga ‘elifānite, kulī, moa moe puaka, ‘aia na‘a nau feinga ke hola kihe ngaahi mo‘unga mo puna kihe ngaahi feitu‘u ma‘olunga he‘enau ‘ilo ‘ae tu‘utu‘unuku mai ‘ae fakatu‘utāmaki lahi, ‘o mahino ange ai ‘ae māsila ange honau ngaahi ono‘anga: ongo, sio, nanamu, ala moe ifo. Na‘e ‘ikai foki ‘ilo ‘ehe Senitā Fakaongo Tsunami ‘i Hauai‘i ‘ae ha‘u ‘ae “peau kula” pea falala ‘ae kakai ki hano talaki mai ‘ehe tekinolosia mei Hauai‘i fakataha mo ‘enau falala ki he‘enau ongo ka na‘e ‘ilo ia ‘ehe fanga monumanu. Na‘e ngāue‘aki lahi foki he‘etau fanga kui ‘ae fa‘ahinga tekinolosia ni koe ngaahi faka‘ilonga moe fakatokanga pau ‘a natula moe ‘ātakai.
Kuo nofo lelei foki ‘ae fakakaukau fakaTonga ‘oe “mata kula pē ava kula” [red hole or black hole] moe “mata ‘uli pē ava ‘uli” [black eye or black hole] hono fakakaukau‘i he‘etau fanga kui mei he kilukilua ka ‘oku kei fekuki mai pē ‘ae kau vūsika moe kau ‘asitalōnoma ‘iloa mo mohu ‘atamai ‘o mamani moe “red eye or red hole” [mata kula pē ava kula] moe “black eye or black hole” [mata ‘uli pē ava ‘uli], ‘o talu mei mu‘a he kuonga ‘oe kau Kalisi Kimu‘a ‘ia Kalisi kia Niutoni mo ‘Anisitani kia Latafooti mo Hokingi he ngaahi ‘aho ni. ‘Oku ‘iai leva ‘ae fehu‘i lahi mo mā‘uhinga kiate kitautolu, ‘o tautefito kihe faingata‘a moe ha‘aha‘a ‘oe kanongatāmaki ‘oku tau fehangahangai moia hono tāpalasia ‘ae fo’i mamani: ‘Oku fiema‘u nai ke tau ngāue‘aki ‘ae tekinolosia ‘a natula moe tekinolosia ‘ae tangata fakatoulōua, ‘o ‘ikai ke tau si‘aki ‘ae tekinolosia ‘a natula ‘oku lahilahi tonu ka tau pusiaki ‘ae tekinolosia ‘ae tangata ‘oku lahilahi hala?
ANFF leva e malanga kae tau,
‘Ofa ma‘u moe ‘ānau,
Ka tau toki hoko atu
7 comments
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'Osi 'eku lau tu'o 3 e text ko'eni "In historical ways, it follows that the past, which has stood the test of time-space, is placed in front of people in the present as guidance and the unknown future is located in the back in the present, informed by past experiences, with the past and future permanently negotiated in the ever-conflicting present." kae 'ikai pe ke mahino ia kia au pe koe 'uhinga ki he haa. Koe fa'u pe 'eni ki ha kau filosefa ke nau lau pea nau mahino'i? or to common folks like me to not understand at all?
Koe neu pehe ke tatala ange 'ae ngaai compound adverb moe compound adjective kae toe pe 'ae konga tefito, he'eku fakaofiofi, pea koe ola 'eni: " it follows that the past is placed in front in the present and the unknown future is located in the back in the present".
Now, how can the past can be placed in front of the present and also in the present? Similarly, how can the future in the back and also in the present? What is this past? Events of the past? Or that snapshot of time in the past which also in the present?
Fefee kapau koe fakaalea koe "it follows that the past is placed in front OF the present.." Fakatokanga'i e liliu mei he in to OF and the meaning is clear, at least to me.
Kae kehe kole atu kapau 'e lava ke toe tofitofi mai e 'uhinga e tohi ni ke toe mahino ange.
Malo
SHausia -
Kataki fakamolemole kae kau atu 'a e motu'a tu'a mo ta'e'iloa ko 'eni 'i he talanga 'i he kaveinga ma'uhinga ni. 'Oku ou fakamalo kia 'Okusi Mahina 'i he'ene vahevahe kuo fai pea pehe foki kia Failo 'i he fakamaama ma'uhinga kuo ne feia. Ko e fakalavelave teu fai 'oku makatu'unga ia 'i hoku fatongia ko e pule/'ulu 'o e saienisi 'o e 'ulufonua/environment 'i he Moana University pea 'oku lolotonga faiako'i 'a e course ko e Meteorology 320 -- Applied Meteorology pea 'oku faka'apa'apa lahi heni ki ha’a taukei he mala’e ni . ‘Oku to e hoko 'a e motu'a ni ko e earth scientist, land surveyor mo e ecophilosopher pea 'oku 'i ai 'a 'eku taukei he plate tectonic theory.
Ko e poini 'e 2 pe teu lave kiai pea kuo fakamaama 'e Failo 'a e me'a lahi. Ko e poini 'uluaki, 'oku mo'oni 'aupito 'a Failo ia 'i he'ene pehee, ko e atmospheric pressure 'oku 'uhinga ia ki he mamafa 'o e 'ea pea 'oku 'ikai ke 'i ai ha'a ne kaunga 'ana 'e taha mo e mafana 'a e 'ea. Ko e mamafa taha 'a e 'ea 'i he fukahi fonua pea 'oku a'u ki he milipa 'e 1013.6 pea 'oku 'uhinga ia ki he lahi 'a e moisture tupu mei hono misi 'e he la'a 'a e water vapor mei ha sino 'I vai pe ha me'a 'oku hauhau. ‘Oka tu'utu'ulahoko ha matangi malohi pea kuopau ke holo 'a e fua mamafa 'o e 'ea mei he 1013.6 pea ko 'ene a'u pe milipa nai 'e 940 kuo hoko 'a e matangi malohi. Ko e tu'ukimu'a taha 'i he 'ilo ki he meteolosia 'i mamani ko e Scandinavian School of Meteorology . 'I he taimi 'oku 'alomalie ai, 'oku holo 'a e mamafa 'o e 'ea 'i ho'o mavahe mei he funga fonua pea ko e 'uhinga ia 'oku pressurize ai 'a e vakapuna ke ma'u 'a e pressure 'o e fukahi fonua koe'uhi ke mo'ui 'a e kau pasese.
Ko e poini hono ua ko e pehe koia 'e 'Okusi 'oku akefua pe 'a e peau 'o tupu ai 'a e peau kula 'o 'ikai 'omai ha 'uhinga 'e taha kae tala pe ko e puna 'a e afi. ‘Oku palopalema ‘eni koe'uhi he 'oku hoko 'a e tsunami ia mei he to 'a ha plate tectonic 'e taha'i ha loloto lahi pea hoko 'a hono displace 'o e tahi pea aake ai 'a e peau 'o hoko ko e peau kula. 'Oku fakamatala'i 'e he plate tectonic theory 'oku 'i ai 'a e movement 'e 2 'a ia ko e divergent mo e convergent 'a ha 'ongo tectonic plate pea 'oku tupu heni 'a e hoko 'a e tsunami.
Fakamolemole pe ka koe vahevahe 'oku ma'uhinga ke tau tukuatu 'a e 'ata totonu kae nounou 'etau fakakikihi fakakaukau 'oku fai.
'Ofa atu Vaha'ifefeka -
KATAKI KA NA'E NGALO 'AE FAKAHISITOLIA HONO FAKALEA FAKA'INGILISI 'AIA KO 'ENA 'I LALO:
In historical ways, it follows that the past, which has stood the test of time-space, is placed in front of people in the present as guidance and the unknown future is located in the back in the present, informed by past experiences, with the past and future permanently negotiated in the ever-conflicting present. -
Malo mu'a Failo 'ae lakulaku moe fatufatu 'uhinga pea hono 'ikai potupotutatau 'ae lukuluku fakakaukau kuo taku mo lau. Na'a ku fakalea 'oku "lahilahi" mo'oni 'ae tekinolosia 'a natula kae "lahilahi" loi 'ae tekinolosia 'ae tangata, 'o hange koe tala 'ehe fanga monumonu 'ae hake 'ae peau kula (tsunami) 'i 'Esia mo hono hikuhiku peau 'i Ha'amoa mo Niua Toputapu, 'aia na'a ne veuki, haveki mo laiki 'ae me'a kotoa na'e hu he mata pe ava, kae 'ikai lava 'o tala 'ehe Senita Fakaongo Tsunami (Peau Kula) 'i Hauai'i.
'Oku malie fau 'ae tanaki 'oe tala fungani kihe toutaivaka moe toutaiika 'iloa ko Pahulu 'o Ha'afeva, 'aia na'e talanoa mai kiate au 'e Ma'u-'i-Lalofonua (Fua Malungahu) koe fua talanoa ange 'e Mosese Niuafe 'o pehe ta na'e 'uhinga 'ae loi 'oe talamatangi fai-'i-loto-vaka 'a Pahulu he na' e si'i puke he mofi pea 'oho ki hono 'ulu 'o mohemisi ai, pea 'ikai kene toe 'iloa ha me'a kae valevalelaunoa pe!
Neu nofo hifo 'o toe fakakaukau lahi kihe fekau'aki 'ae talamatangi moe mafana moe mokomoko 'ae matangi moe malohi moe vaivai 'ae matangi, 'aia 'oku na mate fakatouloua pe kihe feliuliuaki 'ae ivi (energy) moe teke (force), 'o fakafotunga koe mafana moe momoko moe malohi moe vaivai.
'Oku malie hono fokotu'utu'u fakapalatokisi mo fakahisitolia 'ae kuohili (kuongamu'a; kuohoko), lotolotonga (kuongaloto; hoko) moe kaha'u (kuongamui; kahoko) he fakakaukau mo fakangaue tupu'a fakaTonga, 'o pehe ni:
Fakapalatokisi: 'Oku tau 'alu ki mu'a kihe kuohili pea tau 'alu ki mui kihe kaha'u, fakatouloua he lotolotonga, 'aia 'oku fakafenapasi ai 'ae fihitu'u moe fepakitu'u 'oe lotolotonga.
(We walk forward into the past and walk backward into the future, both in the present, where both the elusive, already-taken-place past and yet-to-take-place future, both in the present, where both the past and the future are constantly mediated in the ever-changing present).
Fakahisitolia: 'Oku tau tuku 'ae kuohili kuo 'osi hoko (mo maau mo ma'opo hono 'ilo moe poto) 'i mu'a he lotolotonga koe tuhulu he lotolotonga, pea tau 'omai 'ae kaha'u 'oku te'eki hoko 'o huluhulu'aki 'ae taukei ('ilo mooe poto kuo maau mo ma'opo) 'i mui he lotolotonga.
'Oku ou mahalo koi pe 'ae me'a he ta-va ni.
ANFF leva e malnga kae tau,
'Ofa ma'u moe 'anau,
Hufanga -
Hufanga he ngaahi fakatapu kae hao atu mu'a 'ae ki'i fakamatala ko 'eni 'o makatu'unga ai pe he 'esei koia 'a Dr. Mahina he fakamatala 'ea pe fakamatala matangi. 'Oku ou fie lave atu he konga koia 'o 'ene fakamatala ki he Tekinolosia fakanatula ('aia 'oku taku 'o pehe 'oku tonu ma'u pe) moe Tekinolosia 'ae tangata ('oku taku 'o pehe 'oku lahilahi hala ma'u pe). Teu fai atu ha ki'i talanoa fekau'aki moe Kaivai 'iloa koia ko Pahulu 'o Ha'afeva ('aia neke fakamatala kiai 'i ho'o 'esei) 'i he mala'e na'e 'iloa ai koe fai folau he ngaahi vakala kae 'ikai ke misini.
Koe taulanga 'i Pangai, Lifuka 'oku mohu faingata'a he 'oku lahi pea vaofi 'ae ngaahi hakau pea koe hu ki he taulanga 'oku fai pe he taimi 'aho kae lava ke hao e folau 'o tu'uta lelei ki 'uta. Ko Pahulu pe 'oku ne pole'i ke hu ki taulanga he taimi po'uli he 'oku ne falala ki he 'ene taukei he folau tahi. 'Asinga ai 'a 'ene poto he faifolau pea ko 'ene angi ki hono fakahu e vaka he taimi po'uli ki he taulanga faingata'a ni na'e fai ia mei he 'ana 'oe vaka. Na'e 'ikai kene nofo 'i funga vaka 'o sio ki he 'atakai kene fai ai 'ene fakafuofua kae tokoto ia mei 'ana 'o angi mei ai. 'Oku makatu'unga 'ene angi he 'oku ne fanongo lelei pe mei 'ana ki he tatangi moe tatapa 'ae kapakau 'oe manupuna 'oku nau mohe he funga hakau he taimi 'oku ofi atu ai 'ae vaka ki he funga hakau. 'Oku 'ilo leva 'e Pahulu mei 'ana 'oku ofi 'ae hakau pea 'oku ne angi hake leva ke hua e vaka. Na'e fakatumutumu 'ae kakai moe kau 'eikivaka he tonu ma'u pe 'ae fakafuofua 'a Pahulu he hu ki he taulanga faingata'a ni he taimi po'uli, pea toe malie ange ko 'ene fai e ngaahi angi 'oku 'ikai kene 'i funga vaka ka 'oku tokoto ia mei 'ana. 'I he po 'e taha na'e havilivili pea 'alo tamaki pea na'e lotolahi pe 'a Pahulu kene hu ki taulanga. 'I he koia ne feholaki e manupuna ia ki 'uta 'o mohe kiai koe 'alotamaki. Na'e fakaongo 'e Pahulu 'ae manupuna ka 'oku 'ikai ke toe 'iai ha fo'i manupuna ia he hakau ke falala kiai. Na'e tuai 'ae 'aluhake 'ae angi mei 'ana kuo hake 'ae vaka ia he funga hakau.
'Oku tonu 'aupito 'ae theory 'a Pahulu ke hanga 'e he fo'i event No.1 "koe tatangi 'ae kapakau 'oe manupuna" 'o tala 'ae fo'i event No.2 "koe ofi 'ae hakau" ka 'oku hala he taimi 'e absent ai 'ae fo'i event No.1. Na'e tonu pe ke 'iai ha Kasa (Tekinolosia 'oku 'ikai ke fakanatula) ke hulu 'aki e ngaahi matahakau ke hola mei ai e folau na'a faingatamaki.
Malo
'Ofa atu, Failo Taufa -
'Oku ou fakamalo lahi atu Failo Taufa he fakatonutonu na'a ke taku ki he'eku fakamatala koia koe milipa (millibar) koe me'afua 'ae mafana (hot) moe momoko (cold) 'ae matangi moe maile tahi (nautical) moe tikili (degree) me'afua kihe malohi moe vaivai 'ae matangi, 'aia na'a ke toe fakaikiiki hono tu'unga faka'uhinga, fakafika mo fakatekinikale.
‘Oku ma’uhinga lahi ‘eni he ‘oku ‘uhinga pehe foki ‘ae ako moe saienisi, ‘aia koe faka’eke, fekumi moe fakatotolo kihe ‘ilo pea moe poto mei he ‘ilo, ‘o tau to’o ‘ae mo’oni kae si’aki ‘ae loi, ‘aia ‘oku makatu’unga ai hono fakalaka’I ‘ae ‘ilo moe poto he funga ‘oe faka’eke, fekumi moe fakatotolo. ‘Oku lotolotonga hokohoko atu ‘ae faka’eke, fekumi moe fakatotolo mo tohi hono ngaahi ola he konga lahi ‘oe ngaahi me’a ni, ‘o hange koe ta moe va, fuo moe uho, mata moe ava, kula moe ‘uli moe ngaahi me’a lahi kehe pe, ‘ae ngaahi tanaki moe ngaahi fakaanga ki hono fakalaka.
Na’e tefito ‘ae ‘atikolo (Fakamatala ‘Ea pe Fakamatala Matangi?) hono kamata'aki 'ae fehu'i pe 'e ngaue'aki 'ae fakamatala 'ea mei he lea 'Ingilisi 'oku mamaha hono ‘uhinga PE koe fakamatala matangi he lea Tonga 'oku loloto hono ‘uhinga pea faka'osi'aki 'ae fehu'i pe ‘e ngaue'aki 'ae tekinolosia 'o natula 'oku lahilahi 'ene mo’oni pe tekinolosia 'ae tangata 'oku lahilahi 'ene loi (ke toe pehe ki hono ngaue’aki ‘ae toenga ‘oe ngaahi lea ‘Ingilisi moe lea Tonga) PE fakatouloua 'ae tekinolosia 'a natula moe tekinolosia 'ae tangata.
‘Oku lau ‘ae “weather forecast” koe fakamatala ‘ea (description of the air) ‘ihe lea ‘Ingilisi kae hili koia ‘oku taku ia koe fakamatala matangi (description of the winds) he lea Tonga, ‘aia ‘oku na felave’i fakatou’osi moe fakamatala faka’aho ‘ae mafana moe momoko moe malohi moe vavai ‘ae matangi. ‘Oku ‘ikai nai ke ngaue’aki ‘ae lau milipa koe fua faka’aho ‘oe teke pe tata’o ‘ae lahi moe s’i ‘ae mafana moe momoko ‘oe matangi moe lau maile tahi moe tikili koe fua ‘oe vave ‘ae malohi moe vavai ‘oe matangi he loloa fa fo’i va?
‘Oku ngaue’aki ‘ae ngaahi fakakaukau tu’ufonua fakaTonga loloto, fihi mo malie koe fulufulu motuku, fufulu lulu, takaniko ‘ae mahina, katoa ‘ae mahino, mate ‘ae mahina, mamaha ‘ae tahi, hu’a ‘ae tahi, tahi melie, tahi tamaki, ‘o tanaki kihe angi taulua, angi faka’alakifonua, angi fakasiumalaki moe ha fua he fakamatala matangi fakaTonga.
'Oku 'ikai nai ke fekauaki 'ae mafana (hot) mo momoko (cold) ha me'a moe lahi (big) pe si'i (small) 'ae teke (force) PE lahi pe si'i hono tata'o (pressure) mo 'ikai nai fekau'aki nai 'ae malohi (strong) moe vaivai (weak]) ha me'a moe vave [fast] pe tuai (slow) 'ene ngaue (speed; motion)? ‘Oku ‘ikai nai fekau’aki ‘ae mafana moe momoko moe lahi moe si’i ‘ae teke hono tata’o ‘ae matangi – moe malohi moe vaivai moe vave moe tuai ‘oe ngaue ‘ae matangi?
''Oku 'osi nofo lelei 'ae 'ilo (moe poto) tuputupu'a fakaTonga 'oe mata (eye) pe ava (hole), 'aia koe 'ata pe 'oe mata ‘ae ava moe ava ‘ae mata, 'o hange koe mata kula pe ava kula moe ava 'uli moe mata 'uli, 'aia 'oku kei fekuki moe kau saienitisi, vusika moe 'asitolonoma ‘o mamani 'o a'u mai kihe 'ahoni.
'Oku 'uhinga fakafika 'ae 'ilo (moe poto) tupu'a fakaTonga oe mata pe ava (point) koe fetaualaki 'aha ongo kohi (intersection of two; 'o hange koe mata pe ava 'oe fa'o), kohi/laini kihe tanaki fakataha 'oe ngaahi mata pe ava (line as a collection of points; 'o hange koe mata pe ava 'oe hele) moe va koe tanaki fakataha 'oe ngaahi laini (space as a collection of lines).
'Oku ma'u 'ae ta mei hono fakauho 'oe va (time being a demarcation of space). 'Oku ui 'ae fakakaukau tu'ufonua fakaTonga 'oe mata koe "eye" moe ava koe "hole" he lea 'ingilisi, 'o hange koe mata 'oe matangi (eye of the wind) pe ava 'oe matangi (eye of the wind), mata 'oe afi (eye of the fire) or ava 'oe afi (hole of the fire) moe mata 'oe fa'o (eye of the nail) pe ava 'oe fa'o (hole of the fire oe ha fua.
‘Oku makatu‘unga fakata-va (time-space) tatau pe ‘ae mata pe ava, ‘o hange koe mata pe ava ‘oe fa’o; mataa pe ava ‘oe hele; mata pe ava ‘oe matangi moe mata pe ava ‘oe afi. ‘Oku ke mo’oni ‘oku fepaki, (conflict; pe hoha’a ho’o lau) mo fenapasi (order; pe nonga ho’o lau) ‘ae mata pe ava he ta-va tatau pe, ‘o ‘uhinga ia koe fenapasi (‘oku koe fepaki pe ia, ‘aia ‘oku tatau ai ‘ae taufusi moe tauteke ‘ae ivi. ‘Oku ui ‘eni koe noa (0).
(From a tavaist realist theoretical perspective, all things stand in relations of eternal exchange (intersection), giving rise to conflict (separation) or order (connection). Conflict and order are of the same logical status, in that order is itself a form of conflict. This state of affair is zero-point [0]).
‘Oku ‘asi lelei ‘eni ha fale ‘oku tu’uma’u, ‘o hoko he ta-va ‘oku tatau ‘ae fetekeaki moe fesuiaki (push and pull) pe fepaki (conflict) mo fenapasi (order) ‘ae ‘ivi (energy) moe teke (force), ‘aia koe noa (0) (pe zero-point or 0 state of affairs). ‘Oku ‘ikai ‘uhinga ‘ene tu’uma’u, pe noa (0) ai ‘ae ivi pet eke (zero-point or 0 state of affairs) ‘ae fale, ‘aia koe fenapasi (order; pe nonga ho’o lau) ‘oku mole pe puli ai ‘ae fepaki (conflict; pe hoha’a ho’o lau). ‘Oku makatu’unga heni ho’o taukave ‘oku anga fakapalatokisi, ‘o hange tokua ‘oku fepaki ‘ae “nonga” moe ‘hoha’a” ho’o lau.
‘Oku toe mahino ange ‘o kapau ‘e tuki’aki ha taha hono nima ‘ae mata pe ava ‘oe fa’o; taa’i’aki ‘oe nima ‘aha taha ‘ae mata ‘oe hele; hopo ‘aha taha kihe loto mat ape ava ‘aha peau, ‘o hange koe peau kula; puna ‘aha taha kihe loto mata ‘oe matangi; mo puna taha kihe loto mata ‘oe afi moe ha fua ‘ae toenga ‘oe ‘u mata! ‘Oku ‘ikai ngata pe he fetoto’I moe lavelavea ka ‘oku veuki, haveki mo laiki ‘ae me’a kotoa pe.
'Oku ui 'ae fakakaukau tupu'a fakaTonga 'oe "ta" koe "time" moe "va" koe "space" moe "fuo" koe 'form" moe "uho" koe 'content" he lea 'Ingilisi -- 'aia koe ta (time) moe va (space) koe 'ata-ki-loto (abstract dimension) 'oe fuo (fuo) moe uho (form),, 'aia koe 'ata-ki-loto" (concrete manifestation) 'oe ta (time) moe va (space). 'Oku 'ikai koe "mata" koe "form" ka koe "eye" 'ae "mata" kae "'fuo" 'ae "content."
Na'e tali 'e 'Aisake Niutoni hono fakalangilangi 'ene ngaahi 'ilo fo'ou 'o pehe, "'O kapau 'oku mou pehe ‘oku ou fakalaka'i 'ae 'ilo pea 'oku 'uhinga ia na'a ku tu'u he uma 'oe kau saieniti kimu'a 'iate au mo kinautolu he uma 'oe kau saiieniti kimu'a 'iate kinautolu.”
ANFF leva e malanga kae tau,
'Ofa atu fau moe manatu ma'u,
Hufanga -
Kataki pe Nepituno kau fai atu 'ae ki'i fakatonutonu ko 'eni. 'Oku 'asi he palakalafi 4 'oe tohi 'a Dr. Mahina 'ae setesi ko 'eni:
" ‘Oku liliu ‘ae lea Tonga koe “milipā” mei he lea ‘Ingilisi koe “millibar” koe me‘afua ki hono fua ‘ae māfana-momoko ‘oe matangi moe lea Tonga koe “maile tahi” moe “tikilī” mei he lea ‘Ingilisi koe “nautical mile” moe “degree” koe me‘afua ki hono fua ‘ae mālohi-vaivai ‘oe matangi."
FAKATONUTONU
1. FUA 'OE MOMOKO / MAFANA 'OE 'EA.
Koe me'afua ki hono fua 'oe mafana moe momoko 'oku ui ia koe femomita 'aia 'oku fua 'aki ki tautolu 'e he toketa he taimi 'oku tau puke ai he mofi. 'Oku toe ngaue 'aki pe 'ae me'afua tatau ki hono fua ha mafana mo ha momoko 'o ha fa'ahinga me'a pe he univeesi 'o a'u ki hono fua 'oe vela 'ae la'aa. Koe 'iuniti kiai koe Celcius pe Farenheit. Koe millibar koe 'iuniti ia ki he fa'ahinga natural phenomena kehe 'aupito mei he Temperature 'oku ui koe AIR PRESSURE ('aia koe malohi hono tata'o 'e he 'ea 'ae fukahi mamani). Koe 'iuniti kiai 'oku ui koe BAR pea koe me'afua ki hono fua 'oe lahi moe si'isi'i 'ae BAR 'oku ui koe BARometer (palometa). Koe BAR 'e taha 'oku fe'unga ia moe Pasikala 'e tahakilu (100,000Pa) koe fakahingoa ki he tangata Falanise ko Blaise Pascal. 'Oku tofitofi leva 'ae BAR 'e taha ki he konga tatau 'e 1000 pea 'oku ui 'ae ki'i konga 'e 1 koe millibar (milli - 'oku 'uhinga koe vahe 1000). Ka 'oku toe 'uhinga ia 'e toe vahe 1000 moe pasikala 'e tahakilu 'o ma'u ai 'ae pasikala 'e 100 pea koe pasikala 'e 100 'oku ui ia koe hectopascal 'e 1. Koia ai koe 1 millibar = 1 hectopascal (1 HPa). Koe PRESSURE 'oku fua 'aki ia 'ae lahi moe si'isi'i 'ae teke (force) 'i ha 'elia he fukahi mamani (force per unit area). Kapau koe lahi 'oe teke koe Niutoni 'e 1 pea koe 'elia 'oku fai ai e teke koe sikuea mita 'e 1 pea koe lahi leva 'oe tata'o 'ehe 'ea 'ae fukahi mamani (sikuea mita 'e 1) koe pakikala 'e 1. Koe normal 'ae Air Pressure 'oku fe'unga moe pasikala 'e 101,325 (pe millibar 'e 1013.25). Ka holo mei ai pea 'oku tau pehe leva 'oku 'iai 'ae Low Pressure pea tene fakatupu 'ae saikolone pe matangi malohi. Koe saikolone koia ko IAN na'a ne haveki 'ae 'otu Ha'apai na'e holo ki lalo 'ae air pressure mei he 'ene normal 'o a'u ki he millibar 'e 930 ('aia ne fu'u ma'ulalo 'aupito 'ae Air Pressure).
2. NAUTICAL MILE (maile tahi) pea moe DEGREE (tikili)
Koe Nautical Mile pe maile tahi koe fua ia 'oe loloa (length) pea koe me'afua kiai koe Lula pe koe Tepi. 'Oku 'IKAI ke fua 'aki ia 'ae malohi moe vaivai 'a ha matangi. Koe maile tahi 'e taha 'oku ofi he kilomita 'e 1.8. Pea kapau 'e lele 'ae me'alele he mama'o ko 'eni 'i ha houa 'e 1 pea koe vave leva 'oe fononga koe Noti 'e 1. Koe vave ko'eni 'oku tatau pe ia mo e vave 'o 'ete luelue he hala (fu'u tuai 'aupito). Kapau 'e ngaue pe lele 'ae 'ea he vave ko 'eni te tau ongo'i 'oku mokomoko lelei pea he'ikai kene lava 'e ia 'o fai ha maumau. Koia ai 'oku fakanatula pe ke tau fua 'ae ivi maumau 'oe 'ea pe matangi 'aki 'ae vave moe tuai 'o 'ene fononga he fukahi mamani. 'Oku kau ki heni mo 'ene vilo fakasiakale moha ngaahi me'a kehe ka he'ikai keu lave kiai. Koe vave 'oe lele 'ae me'alele 'i Tonga ni 'oku 'ikai ke toe 'ova he 50km / hr he 'oku lahi ange ai hono ivi maumau (pe malohi). Fakahoa ia ki he ivi maumau 'oe matangi ko IAN neu lau kiai 'i 'olunga na'e to takutaku 'o a'u ki he 287km / hr. (oma tatau nai ia moe vave 'oe puna 'ae vakapuna fakalotofonua).
3. UHO 'OE MATANGI (EYE)
Koe me'a kotoa pe 'oku tatau moe ve'eteka (disc) 'oku vilo hange koe va'e 'oe me'alele, pe koe matangi 'o tatau moe 'ata pe la'ita koia 'oku 'asi 'i he kamata'anga ho'o fakamatala 'oku anga pehe ni. 'Oku hoha'a pea 'ilonga 'aupito 'a 'ene vilo pe ngaue he tafa'aki ki tu'a (Rim or circumference). Ka 'o kapau tetau fakatotolo ki he senita 'oe vilo moe hoha'a te tau 'ilo ai 'oku 'ikai ke vilo pea 'oku nonga 'aupito ('ikai ke 'iai hoha'a) 'ae poini koia. Koe fa'ahinga Natural Phenomenon ia 'oku malie he 'oku hala ai 'e tau ma'u. 'Oku ou fakalea 'e au 'o pehe ni - "Koe senita 'oe vilo 'oku 'ikai ke vilo pea koe uhouhonga 'oe hoha'a 'oku nonga 'aupito". 'Oku pehe 'ae EYE 'oe matangi, 'o tatau moe 'akisela 'oe va'e 'oe me'alele. 'Oku hange nai ha paradox pea ngaue 'aki 'e he kau Artists ke fakamatala'i 'aki 'ae ART. Koe tangata tau'olunga 'oku hoha'a 'ae ngaahi haka 'oku ne fai moe ngaahi to'onga 'oku ne fakafuo mai ka ki he uho 'o 'ene fakakaukau mo 'ene ongo'i he taimi 'oku ne faiva ai 'oku ne ma'u 'ae nonga 'oku faka'itaniti.
Malo
'Ofa atu
Failo