Ko e Sapalai/Ngaohi mo e Timaani/Faka‘aonga ‘o e Kava (Supply and Demand of Kava) Featured
Koe Sapalai/Ngaohi moe Timaani/Faka‘aonga ‘oe Kava
(Supply and Demand of Kava)
fai ‘e Hūfanga Dr ‘Ōkusitino Māhina
Professor of Art, Culture + Critical Anthropology
Tonga International Academy +
Vava‘u Academy for Critical Inquiry + Applied Research
'Oku tefito ‘ae 'ikonōmika mo e fai'ikonōmika he fetukuaki moe felalavai ‘ae lao fakanatula ‘oe “sapalai” (supply) moe “timaani” (demand), ‘o fekau‘aki ‘ae “sapalai” moe “ngaohi koloa” moe “timaani” moe “faka‘aonga koloa.”
‘Oku mahino lelei ‘eni he lahi ‘ae “sapalai” pē “ngaohi koloa,” ‘aia ‘e “ma‘ama‘a” ‘ae mā‘uhinga fakapa‘anga ‘oe koloa, pea ka lahi ‘ae “timaani” pē “faka‘aonga koloa,” ‘o hoko leva ke “mamafa” ‘ae totongi fakapa‘anga ‘oe koloa.
‘Oku toe ‘uhinga ia ka lahi ‘ae “sapalai,” ‘o tōloto ai ‘ae “timaani,” ‘e “ma‘ama‘a” ‘ae mā‘uhinga fakapa‘anga ‘oe koloa, pea ka lahi ‘ae “timaani,” ‘o tōtu‘a he “sapalai” pē “ngaohi koloa,” ‘e “mamafa” ‘ae totongi fakapa‘anga ‘oe koloa.
‘Oku tatau pē ka si‘i ‘ae “sapalai,” ‘o tōtu‘a ‘ae “timaani,” ‘e hoko leva ke “mamafa” ‘ae mā‘uhinga ‘oe koloa, pea ka si‘i ‘ae “timaani,” ‘o tōtu‘a ‘ae “sapalai,” ‘e hoko leva ke “ma‘ama‘a” ‘ae totongi fakapa‘anga ‘oe koloa.
‘Oku lotolotonga hoko ‘ae me‘a tatau moe kava, ‘o si‘i fau hono “sapalai ‘oe kava” pē “ngaohi ‘oe kava” kae lahi atu ‘ae “timaani ‘oe kava” pē “faka‘aonga ‘oe kava,” ‘aia ‘oku tupu ai ‘ae “mamafa” hono mā‘uhinga fakapa‘anga ‘oe kava.
‘Oku ‘uhinga ia ka fiema‘u ke holo ‘ae mā‘uhinga ‘oe totongi fakapa‘anga ‘oe kava mei he “mamafa” kihe “ma‘ama‘a,” ‘e matu‘aki fiema‘u leva ke lahi ‘ae “sapalai” pē “ngaohi ‘oe kava,” ‘o tōloto ai ‘ae “timaani” pē “faka‘aonga ‘oe kava.”
‘Oku ‘uhinga pehē tofu ‘ae “mamafa” ma‘u pē ‘ae koloa fakanatula koe koula moe ngaahi koloa teuteu ‘oku ngaohi mei ai, ‘aia ‘oku tupu mei he‘ene hāhāmolofia mo faka‘ofo‘ofa makehe, ‘o lahi ma‘u pē ‘ae “timaani” he “sapalai.”
‘Oku toe ‘asi lelei ‘ae fetukuaki moe felalavai ‘ae “sapalai” pē “ngaohi koloa” moe “timaani” pē “faka‘aonga koloa” he folau vakapuna, ‘aia ka lahi ‘ae folau, ‘e “mamafa” pea ka si‘i ‘ae folau ‘e “ma‘ama‘a” ‘ae totongi folau.
‘Oku ‘uhinga pehē ‘ae faingata‘a hono kumi ‘oe “māketi” ‘ae fua ‘oe fonua moe kau fa‘a, ‘aia ‘oku ‘ikai lava tōli‘a ‘ehe “sapalai” pē “ngaohi ngoue” ‘ae “timaani” pē “faka‘aonga ngoue,” ‘o tefito he fetōmokosi ‘ae “sapalai” pē “ngaohi ngoue.”
‘Oku tupu he fetōmokosi/fetāmokosiaki ‘ae “sapalai” pē “ngaohi ngoue” mei he kei lahi/mālohi ‘oe “ngoue fakafuakavenga” (subsistence economy) he “ngoue fakapisinisi” (cash economy), ‘o ‘ikai hokohoko lelei hono “sapalai” ‘ae “timaani.”
‘Oku toe fakaoli ‘ae ‘asi ‘oe fetukuaki moe felalavai ‘ae “sapalai” (ngaohi koloa) moe “timaani” (faka‘aonga koloa) he fefakatau‘aki (trade + exchange) fakavaha‘afonua he fetukuaki moe felalavai ‘ae “koloa hūatu” (export) moe “koloa hūmai” (import).
‘Oku tupu mei he lahi ‘ae “koloa hūmai” he “koloa hūatu” ‘ae “mamafa” ‘oe koloa, ‘o ‘ikai lau taha kihe hoko ‘ae ‘ikonōmika koe “‘ikonōmika faka‘aonga koloa” (consumer/service-led) kae ‘ikai koe “‘ikonōmika ngaohi koloa” (producer-led).
‘Oku fanau‘i ‘ehe tu‘unga ‘ikonōmika ‘oku tefito he “koloa hūmai” moe “‘ikonōmika faka‘aonga koloa” ‘ae “mo‘ui fakafalala” (dependency mentality), ‘o toe faka‘āsili ‘ehe “pa‘anga tokoni” (foreign aid) moe “pa‘anga ‘ofa” (remittances) mei muli.
‘Oku mālie ‘ene ‘asi ‘ae ngaahi fakakaukau fakanatula faka‘ikonōmika ko ‘eni he fakakaukau mo fakangāue fakaTonga he funga ‘oe ngaahi lea heliaki, ‘o hangē koe, “si‘i femolimoli‘i, lahi takitaha kai,” “si‘i ‘a ma‘anga ngako” moe “tufa kau tufa.”
‘Oku hoko ‘ae “mo‘ui fakafalala” koe “mo‘ui fakapōpula” ka ‘oka fiema‘u leva ke “mo‘ui tau‘atāina,” “mo‘ui nonga” mo “mo‘ui fiefia” ‘oku fiema‘u ke lahi mo hiki ‘ae “koloa hūatu” moe “‘ikonōmika ngaohi koloa” (mo holoki ‘ae fe‘amokaki).
‘Oku ‘uhinga ‘ae ‘ikonōmika ‘aha fonua kihe tānaki fakataha ‘ene koloa fakanatula, faka‘atamai mo fakafonua, ‘aia ‘oku fonu kotoa ‘i Tonga, ‘o fiema‘u ‘ae mohu-‘atamai, poto‘i-ngāue moe kepitolo ki hono “ngaohi” mo “faka‘aonga” ‘oe koloa.
‘Oku toe fiema‘u ke fakaholoholo mo fakasi‘isi‘i ‘ae fakafalala he “pa‘anga tokoni” moe “pa‘anga ‘ofa” mei he ngaahi fonua muli, ‘aia ‘e ala ma‘u hono hiki ‘ae ako kihe tu‘unga fakamamanilahi, ‘o fakamu‘omu‘a ‘ae “ako ‘uhinga” he “ako ‘aonga.”
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3 comments
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Malo fau 'Ofaloto Tonga mo Vikatolia 'ae talanga moe fakaanga 'oe "'uhinga" moe "'aonga" fakatouloua 'ae kaveinga kuo tala mo fakaha, 'o kei fakamu'omu'a 'ae "tala mo fakaha 'uhinga" he "tala moe fakaha 'aonga" neongo hono fakamamafa kianua fakatouloua.
Na'a ku 'uhinga ke fakamamafa 'ae "ako 'uhinga" moe "ako 'aonga" fakatouloua kae fakamu'omu'a ma'u pe 'ae "ako 'uhinga" he "ako 'aonga," 'o 'ikai ngata pe koe mo'oni fakanatula ka koe mo'oni ia 'oku lotolotonga hoko kae 'ikai koe siokehe mei he ongo "mo'oni" koia kae fakamu'omu'a 'ae "fiema'u."
(It is in the raising of problems, and not in the presentation of solutions, that actual solutions to real problems can be found).
'Oku kei tu'u pe 'ae teolia/filosofia 'oe ako fakaTonga. 'aia koe liliu tu'uma'u 'ae 'atamai moe fakakaukau mei he "vale" kihe "'ilo" kihe "poto," 'o fakamu'omu'a ma'u pe 'ae "'ilo" (ako/kumi 'uhinga) he "poto" (ako/kumi 'aonga), mo kei ako 'ae ngaahi lesoni "faka'uhingame'a" (philosophy, logic moe pure maths) moe ngaahi lesoni "faka'aongame'a" (engineering, business moe carpentry) he ngaahi 'univesiti moe politekiniki 'i mamani.
'Oku fiema'u ke tomu'a fekumi kihe "'uhinga" 'oku faingata'a/polopalema ai hono kumi 'ae "maketi" ma'ae ngoue 'oe fonua pea hono ma'u 'ae "'uhinga" koia pea toki kumi leva 'ae "'aonga" 'oe maketi ma'ae kau ngoue ('o "faka'aonga" kihe kau "kaime'akai :moe kau "tome'akai" fakatouloua).
'Oku kei faingata'a/polopalema 'ae "maketi" ma'ae ngoue 'oe fonua he "'uhinga tefito" koe "fetomokosi/fetamokosi 'ae sapalai/ngaohi 'oe ngoue" kae "to/takehekehe/ ta'ehokohoko 'ene toli'a 'ae timaani/faka'aonga 'oe ngoue" koe tupu mei he kei lahi mo malohi 'ae "ngoue fakafuakvenga" (subssitence economy) he "ngoue fakapisinisi/fakatau" (cash economy).
'Oku kei fakamamafa 'ae "sapalai/ngaohi ngoue" moe "timaani/faka'aonga ngoue" fakatouloua mo fakamu'omu'a 'ae "'sapalai/ngaohi nogue he timaani/faka'aonga ngoue" -- 'o hange koe fakamamafa 'ae "ako 'uhinga" moe "ako 'aonga" fakatouloua mo fakamu'omu'a ma'u pe 'ae "ako 'uhinga" ('ilo/knowledge; raising of problems; what "is" of knowledge; knowledge production) he "ako 'aonga" (poto/skill; presentation of solutions; what "does" of knowledge; knowledge application).
('Oku tenge ma'u pe 'ehe matu'a ha taha he fanau 'oku mo'ui fakapikpiko, fakafalala mo kolekole he 'oku fakapopula mo fakakina kihe nofo moe mo'ui ke tu'u 'o fai ha ngaue malohi ke tau'ataina pea neongo 'ae faingata'a moe mamahi 'oe ngaue 'ene lahi ka 'oku hoko ia koe tau'ataina, fakafiefia mo fakafiemalie kihe kotoa 'o 'api he nofo moe mo'ui 'o fakataha 'ae matu'a moe fanau moe fonua).
'Oku toe ma'uinga mo mahino ange hono toe tanaki mai 'e Vikatolia 'ae lea Tonga heliaki mo paloveape malie koe, "Mahu mole," 'aia 'oku tuhu kihe tefito fakanatula he fetukuai moe felalavai 'ae "sapalai"/"ngaohi 'oe koloa" moe "timaani"/"faka'aonga 'oe koloa," 'o hange koia 'oku hoko kihe kava moe lahi 'ae ngaahi koloa, ''aia 'oku malohi ma'u pe 'ae me'a 'oku "hoko" he "fiema'u" 'oe me'a ke hoko! -
Mo'oni koe palofesa pea tukuange ha faingamalie e kau to kava he 'oku 'iai 'etau lea koe mahu mole.
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Malo Palofesa pea 'oku ou poupou atu atu ki ho'o fakamaama pea 'oku mo'oni tuku kehe ange 'a e konga faka'osi ho'o 'atikolo 'a ia 'oku ke pehe "‘Oku toe fiema‘u ke fakaholoholo mo fakasi‘isi‘i ‘a e fakafalala he “pa‘anga tokoni” moe “pa‘anga ‘ofa” mei he ngaahi fonua muli, ‘aia ‘e ala ma‘u hono hiki ‘ae ako kihe tu‘unga fakamamani lahi, ‘o fakamu‘omu‘a ‘a e “ako ‘uhinga” he “ako ‘aonga.”"
'Oku totonu ke fakamamafa loua 'a e ako 'uhinga mo e ako 'aonga pea koe ta'au ia 'oku hu'u kiai 'a mamani ke fakamamafa ki he ako 'aonga kae langa 'a e 'ikonomika moe fonua. 'Oku fiema'u pe ako 'uhinga pea 'oku mahu'inga ka 'oku hala ia ketau fakamamafa ai he'e lahi ange 'a e faka'uhinga he ngaue 'e malavaa ke fai. Koe ia faka'amu ke fakasi'isi'i e fakafalala he pa'anga tokoni mei muli ka he'ikai ketau tamate'i ai 'a e mo'oni 'oku hoko koe fonua fakafalala 'a Tonga ni 'o tatau moe ngaahi fonua kehe. 'Oku 'ikai ke fiema'u 'e he fonua 'a e lahi faka'uhinga ta'e fai ha ngaue koia ai 'oku fiema'u loua pea ka fakamamafa ki he ako 'aonga 'oku sai pe mo ia.