Ko Palōfesa Edward Said mo Palōfesa Epeli Hau’ofa ^Featured

Fai ‘e Palōfesa Hūfanga Dr ‘Ōkusitino Māhina
Professor of Art, Culture and Critical Anthropology
Vava’u Academy for Critical Inquiry and Applied Research [VACIAR] &
Tonga International Academy [TIA]

Na‘a ku lave, he ‘atikolo 14, ki he “heliaki,” “fakatātā” mo e “mōtolo” ko e ngaahi me‘angāue faka‘aati, fakalitilali mo fakaako/fakasaienisi hono fakafenāpasi ‘a e fepaki, ‘a ia ‘oku liliu mei he tu‘unga ‘o e felekeu ki he tūkunga ‘a e maau he funga ‘o e tatau mo e potupotutatau ke ma‘u ‘a e mālie pē faka‘ofo‘ofa, ‘o fōfōlinga ke nau ‘uhinga tatau kotoa pē ki he “lea‘aki ha me‘a ‘e taha” ka e “‘uhinga ia ki ha me‘a ‘e taha” – ka te u lau heni, he ‘atikolo 15, ki ha konga si‘i ‘o e ngāue ma‘ongo‘onga ‘a e ongo sikola ongoongoa ko Palōfesa Edward Said ‘o Hahake Loloto fekau‘aki mo e Orientalism mo Palōfesa Epeli Hau‘ofa ‘o Tonga felāve‘i mo e Moanaism [pē Oceanism].

‘Oku ha‘u ‘a e lea ‘Ingilisi ko e “orientalism” mei he lea ‘Ingilisi ko e “oriental” mo e lea ‘Ingilisi ko e “oriental” mei he lea ‘Ingilisi ko e “orient,” ‘o ‘uhinga ki he lea ‘Ingilisi ko e “east” mo e lea ‘Ingilisi ko e “east” ki he lea Tonga ko e “hahake” – ka e hu‘u ‘a e lea Moana/Tonga ko e “moana” mei he lea Moana/Tonga ko e “moana” mo to e ‘uhinga ‘a e lea Moana/Tonga ko e “moana” ki he lea ‘Ingilisi ko e “pacific” mo e lea ‘Ingilisi ko e “pacific” ki he lea Tonga ko e “pasifiki.” ‘Oku to e ‘iloa ‘a e lea Moana/Tonga ko e “Moana” ko e ongo lea ‘Ingilisi ko e “Oceania” mo e “Pacific,” ‘o fetongi ‘e he ongo lea ‘Ingilisi ko e “Oceania” mo e “Pacific” ‘a e lea Moana/Tonga ko e “Moana.”

Palofesa Edward Said

‘Oku ‘iloa ‘a Palōfesa Said ko e palōfesa he litesā [literature] he’ene tohi manakoa ko e Orientalism, ‘a ia na‘a ne fakaanga‘i ta‘eufi ai hono mimio mamahi ‘e he kau sikola ‘o e Uēsite mei he sio fakaUēsite ‘a e ngaahi talafonua/kalatua ‘o e ngaahi fonua Hahake, ‘o hangē ko honau kakai mo ‘enau fakakaukau, lotu, ‘atamai, ‘aati, angafai, mo‘ui, tui mo e hā fua. ‘Oku tatau tofu pē mo Palōfesa Hau‘ofa ko e palōfesa he ‘ātolopolosia [anthropology] he‘ene fakaanga‘i fefeka hono fulihi ta‘efakaongonoa ‘e he kau sikola ‘o e Uēsite mei he ‘uhinga faka Uēsite ‘a e Moana he‘ene ngaahi ngaue faka‘akatemika mo faka‘aati mo fakalitilali, ‘a ia ‘oku ou ui ko e Moanaism [pē Oceanism].

Na‘e ‘ikai ngata pē he a‘aa‘a ‘ene fakaanga‘i fefeka hono uesia kovi ‘e he sikolasipi mo e sio faka Uēsite ‘a e ngaahi talafonua/kalatua ‘a e Moana he‘ene ngaahi ngāue faka‘akatemika fungani he ‘ātolopolosia [anthropology], ‘o hangē ko e “Our Sea of Islands” [“Hotau Tahi ‘Otumotu”] mo e “Pasts to Remember” [“Ngaahi Kuohili ke Manatua”] ka e to e kavekavea‘u ki he‘ene ngaahi ngāue faka‘aati mo fakalitilali masani he faiva fakaoli [kometī, comedy], ‘o hangē ko ‘ene ongo tohi ko e Tales of the Tikongs [Ngaahi Talanoa ‘o e Kau Tīkongo] mo e Kisses in the Nederends [Ngaahi Fekita mo Kitautolu] mo e faiva ta‘anga [poetry], ‘o hangē ko ‘ene maau ‘iloa ko e “Blood in the Kava Bowl” [“Toto he Tano‘a Kava”].

Na‘a ne taukave tu‘uma‘u he “Hotau Tahi ‘Otumotu” kuo fu‘u loakāliu hono taku ‘e he Uēsite ko e ngaahi ‘otumotu si‘i ‘a e Moana ka ‘o ka ta u lau hono lahi vavale fakataha mo e mafolaloa ‘a e ngaahi motu, ‘o lahi mama‘o ange ia he ngaahi fonua lalahi. ‘Oku mahu‘inga/mā‘uhinga leva ke fulihi ‘etau fakakaukau mei he “si‘i” ki he “lahi,” ‘o ta u fakatau‘atāina pē kitautolu ‘e kitautolu mei he popula ‘o e sio fakaUēsite – mo e “Ngaahi Kuohili ke Manatua” he‘etau fakamā‘uhinga ‘a e kuohili, ‘o tuku ‘i mu‘a ko e tūhulu he lolotonga/lotolotonga, ‘a ia ‘oku fehangahangai tonu mo e sio fakaUēsite, ‘o tuku ‘a e kuohili ‘i mui, ‘o taku ‘oku ma‘olalo ka e ma‘olunga ange ‘a e lotolotonga mo e kaha‘u.

Na‘e ‘ikai fa‘a mapule‘i ‘e Palōfesa Hau‘ofa hono anga fakaoli he meimei kotoa ‘ene ngaahi ngāue faka‘akatemika mo faka‘aati mo fakalitilali ka e tautefito ki he’ene ongo tohi he faiva fakaoli ko e Ngaahi Talanoa ‘o e Kau Tīkongo mo e Ngaahi Fekita mo Kitautolu. Na‘a ne fakakikihi he Ngaahi Talanoa ‘o e Kau Tīkongo hono ‘ākilotoa ‘e he Uēsite ‘a e tapa kotoa ‘o e nofo mo e mo‘ui ‘a e kakai ‘o e Moana, ‘o hangē ko ‘ene vaka mai he fakalakalaka faka‘ikonōmika [economic development], ‘a ia ‘oku ‘ikai ngata pē he‘ene tapalasia ‘a e ako, ‘ikonōmika, politiki, lotu mo e kotoa ‘o e fonua ‘i tu‘a ka e to e ta‘eufi ‘ene hū mai ki fale, ‘o kau foki mo loki he‘ene uesia.

Na‘e hoko atu ‘ene fakaanga‘i ‘a e sio fakaUēsite he Ngaahi Fekita mo Kitautolu ki he‘etau to e laulanu pē ki he ngaahi kupu/‘ōkani hotau sino, ‘o ta u lau ‘oku mā‘uhinga ange ‘a e taha ko ē he taha ko ē ka e hili ko ia ‘o kapau he ‘ikai ē he ‘ikai ē. Na‘a ne fakatatau ‘eni ki he nofo he fonua, ‘a ia ka mali ha ‘ofefine ha kōvana mo ha foha ha tānakiveve, ‘e lele ‘a e fa‘ē ‘i hala he fakalotoloto ka e hili ko ia ko e nofo ‘i ‘ōfisi ‘a e kōvana ko e tufiveve ‘i hala ‘a e tānakiveve.  Na‘a ne taukave he‘ene maau mālie ko e “Toto he Tano‘a Kava” neongo ai hano inu ‘a e kava ‘e ha palōfesa mei he Uēsite ka he‘ikai ke ne ongo’i ‘a e toto ‘o Kava hono taonakofea he‘ene ongo mātu‘a ko ‘enau feilaulau, ‘o ne fakaanga‘i hono siofi’aki ‘a Tonga mei he Uēsite.

‘Oku fai ‘a e fakaanga tatau he ngaahi faingata‘a/polopalema hono fakahingoa hala ‘e he Uēsite ‘a e “Moana” ko e “Pasifiki” mo e “‘Ōsēnia” ka e tautefito ki he “Pasifiki,” ‘a ia ‘oku ‘uhinga ko e “nonga,” ‘o lotolotonga ko ia ‘oku ta u lau ‘a e “moana” ko e “moana vavale,” “moana loloto” mo e “moana ta‘e‘iloa,” ‘a ia ko e potu ‘oku fihitu‘u mo fepakitu‘u he faingata‘a. ‘Oku ‘ikai ko ia pē ka ko e “moana” ko e potu ‘o e mo‘ui mo e mate, ‘o ‘uhinga ko e potu ‘o e fakafelavai, pē fakahoko mo e fakamavahe. ‘Oku ‘ikai ke ta u fa‘a lau ‘a e ngaahi folau na‘e fakatou hao mo mole, ‘o tatau pē ‘i ono‘aho mo onopō, ‘a ia ‘oku ‘ikai ko e “moana” ko ha potu pē ‘o e “fakahoko, “ “hao” mo e “mo‘ui” ka ko e to e potu ‘o e “fakamavahe,” “mole” mo e “mate.”

Ta u toki hoko atu.