Pekia ‘a Palōfesa Sitīveni Hōkingi (Stephen Hawking), Saienitisi ‘Iloa Taha ‘o Mamani ^Featured

Na‘a ne hū ‘o ako he ‘Apiako Sā Alapani, pea ne hoko atu ki he ‘Univēsiti Kolisi, ‘i ‘Ōkesifooti (University College, Oxford), he ta‘u 1952 ‘o ako fika. Na‘e fie hoko atu pe ai ‘ene ako he sapuseki ko e kosimolosia fekau‘aki mo e tupu‘anga mo e tupulaki pe ‘evalūsio ‘a mamani mo e ‘univeesi ki he lotolotonga pea mo e kaha‘u ka na‘e hala ha faiako lelei mo fe‘unga.

Na‘e hiki leva ‘a Sitīveni ‘i ‘Okatopa he ta‘u 1962 ki he Va‘a ‘o e Fika Faka‘aonga mo e Fisiki Fakafakakaukau (Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics) he ‘Univēsiti Kemipilisi ‘o ma‘u ai hono PhD he ta‘u 1965 he‘ene fa‘u ‘a e fisisi malie ko e ‘Naunau ‘o e Ngaahi ‘Univeesi Tupulaki’ (‘Properties of Expanding Universes’).

Na‘e ma‘u ‘e Palofesa Sitīveni Hōkingi ha ngaahi tu‘unga faiako mo ako fakalangilangi kehekehe he ‘Univēsiti Kemipilisi mo ha ngaahi pale fakalangilangi kehekehe ‘oku ‘ikai fa‘a laua he ‘Univēsiti Kemipilisi mo e ngaahi ‘Univesiti kehekehe ‘i Pilitania mo mamani lahi ko e tupu mei he mo‘oni mo makehe mo fo‘ou ‘a e ola ‘ene faka‘eke mo e fekumi.

Na‘e kau ai ‘a e Toketā Filōsofia (PhD) fakalangilangi ‘e 13 he ngaahi ‘Univesiti kehekehe ‘i mamani mo e ngaahi mētali mo e pale fakalangilangi fakafonua mo fakaako kehekehe ‘o hangē ko e CBE (1982), Fundamental Physics (2013), Copley Medal (2006) mo e Wolf Foundation (1988) mo memipa he US National Academy of Sciences moe ha fua.

Na‘a ne ma‘u he ta‘u 1966 ‘a e pale ‘iloa ko e Adams Prize he‘ene ‘ēsei fo‘ou mo malie ko e ‘Fakatahataha (he ava ‘uli) mo e Siomita ‘o e Vā-Tā’ (‘Singularities and Geometry of Space-Time’). Na‘e pulusi he ta‘u 1973 ‘ene fua tohi faka‘akatēmika “Ko e Fa‘unga Lahi Fua ‘o e Vā-Tā” (“The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time,” fakataha mo George Ellis.

‘Oku to e kau ki ai mo ni‘ihi ko ‘eni, “General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey,” mo W Israel, mo e “300 Years of Gravitation,” mo W Israel, ‘o kau ai mo e ngaahi tohi manakoa mo fakataua ko e, “A Brief History of Time, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays,” “The Universe in a Nutshell,” “The Grand Design” mo e “My Brief History.”

Na‘a ne hiki ‘o faiako he ‘Inisitute ‘o e ‘Asitalōnomī (Institute of Astronomy) he ta‘u 1968, pea ne to e foki pē ki he Va‘a ‘o e Fika Faka‘aonga mo e Fīsiki Fakafakakaukau he ta‘u 1973, ‘o hoko ko e Palōfesa ‘o e Fīsiki Fakakalāvite (Gravitational Physics) he ta‘u 1977 mo Talēkita Fekumi Dennis Stanton Avery and Sally Tsui Wong-Avery ai pē.

Kuo lahi ‘a e ngāue ‘a Palōfesa Sitīveni Hōkingi he ngaahi anga mo e lao tefito mo pau ‘oku nau pule‘i ‘a mamani mo e ‘univeesi. Na‘a ne to e feinga ke ne fakakaukau‘i fo’ou ‘a e teolia ‘iloa ko e ‘fe‘unuaki fakalukufua’ (general theory of relativity’) ‘a e ivi ‘o hangē ko e maama” ‘oku tefito he vā (space) mo e tā (time) ‘a e helo ko ‘Ᾱnisitani (Einstein).

Na‘e kamata he ta‘u 1970 ‘a e taukave ‘a Palōfesa Sitīveni Hōkingi na‘e ngali kamata ‘a e ‘fe‘unuaki fakalukufua’ (‘general relativity’) ‘a e ivi ‘o hange ko e maama ‘oku tefito he va (space) mo e ta (time) mei he ‘Pahū Lahi’ (‘Big Bang’) he kamata‘anga ‘o mamani mo e ‘univeesi pea fakaiku mai ki he ‘ava ‘uli’ (‘black holes’) ko e ‘auha‘anga.

Na‘e taukave ‘a Palōfesa Sitīveni Hōkingi ‘oku tefito ai ‘a e mā‘uhinga ke ‘uuni fakataha ‘a e ‘teolia fakalukufua’ (‘general relativity theory’) ‘a ‘Ᾱnisitani mo e ‘teolia kanitamu’ (‘quantum theory’) ko e ola ‘o e fekumi fakasaienisi he senituli 21. Na‘a ne taukave he 1974 tokua ‘oku ‘ikai ‘‘uli‘uli’ ‘a e ‘ava ‘uli’ (‘black holes’) ka ko e malama pē ‘oku mao ‘o puli.

‘Oku ‘uhinga ‘a e ‘kanitamu’ (‘quantum’) ki he ‘ata-kongaiiki-ki-loto’ (‘subatomic or microscopic particle’s)’ ‘o e ‘me‘a’ (‘matter’) ‘o kehe mei he ‘‘ata-kongalalahi-ki-tu‘a’ (concrete particles). ‘Oku to e ‘i ai ‘ene taukave ‘oku matamata mei ‘uhinga ni na‘e ngāue pē ‘a e ngaahi anga mo e lao fakasaienisi he kamata‘anga hono pule‘i ‘a mamani mo e ‘univeesi

Neongo ‘a e tu‘ia hono mahaki ‘o e moto neave hili hono ta‘u 21 ‘o mate kotoa ai hono sino tukukehe pē hono ‘uto, pea ne heka saliote teketeke ai, mo fakakomipiuta hono le‘o ‘ene lea hono fakafuo mo fakauho ‘a e masila mo e loloto mo e malie hono ‘atamai mo e fakakaukau he hokohoko atu ‘ene faka‘eke mo fekumi ki he Fīsiki Fakafakakaukau.

‘Oku ke i mo‘ui lelei pe ‘e fānau ‘e tokotolu mo e fangá makapuna ‘e tokotolu, pea neongo ‘a e mate hono matelie ‘oku vaka mai he sino ka ‘oku ke i mo‘ui lelei pe hono laumālie ‘oku vaka mai he‘ene ngaahi fakakaukau he ngaahi tohi he ngaahi laipeli mo faiako he ngaahi ‘univēsiti ‘o laui to‘utangata ‘ene tu‘uloa mo tolonga he ngaahi kuonga.