Raw Mark (Māka To’ofua) mo e Standardized Score (Māka Tulifua) Konga 3 ^Featured

Na’e kamata foki ‘eku fakatalanoa ki he raw mark mo e standard score (ko e standardized score ‘a e lea totonu ke ngāue’aki) mei he natula mo e tefito’i fakakaukau ‘o hono liliu ‘o e me’a ngāue motu’a ko ia ko e raw mark ki he me’a ngāue ‘o e kuonga ko e standard score. Ko ‘eku taumu’a ke fai hano fakamaama ‘o e fonua ‘i he kaveinga ko eni kuo fuofuoloa hono tālanga’i. Na’a ku fakamahino ‘oku ‘ikai ha’a ku ‘ilo ki he founga totonu ‘oku fai’aki e fakahoko ngāue ‘a e Potungāue Ako neongo neu ‘osi fakahoko ‘eku fie tokoni ke vete ‘a e polopalema koia na’aku fanongo kiai.

Kuo maama mai foki e me’a lahi ‘o kau ai hono fakatonga’i ‘o e raw mark koe maaka to’ofua mo e standard(ized) score ko e maaka tulifua. Ko eni kuo kamata ke tau hu atu ki he loki mīsini ‘oku fai mei ai ‘a e liliu maaka pea ‘oku ou fakamālō atu ‘i he fakamatala tokoni lahi ne tuku mei a Fongoloa mo e Vai ‘oku mahino pe foki na’e faiako ‘i he kolisi. ‘Oku ou faka’amu pe ‘e lahiange tohi ‘e ma’u mei he kau faiako mo ha kau ngāue tonu he ‘ofisi ako koe’uhi ke tau ‘ilo kānokato e me’a totonu ‘oku hoko kae lava ke tonu ‘e tau faka’uta ki ha founga ke tāfakatatau’aki e liliu maaka ke ma’u ha fotunga ‘oku potupotutatau kae fiemālie ki ai e fonua.

Ko e ‘u me’a eni ‘oku ou fakama’opo’opo ki ai e tohi ‘a Fongoloa mo e Vai: (1) ‘Oku ‘i ai e ngaahi ‘ekuasi ‘oku ngāue’aki ‘i ho no liliu ‘o e maaka to’ofua (raw mark) ki he maaka tulifua (standard score); (2) Na’e ngāue’aki e liliu maaka ki he sivi PSSC ‘a e ‘Otu Motu Pasifiki ‘a ia na’e fai e ngāue mei Fisi; (3) ‘Oku ngāue’aki e “mark on a curve” (‘a ia ko e normal curve pe ia ‘oku fakanounou pe ko e curve) ki he liliu ‘o kau ai mo e tukuhifo (scale down), tuku hake (scale up), mo e peseti pau ‘oku tomu’a vahe ki he fakakalasi (grade: A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, ‘o faai hifo ai); (4) ‘Oku ‘i ai mo e Internal Assessment (IA) ‘e fakataha’i mo e raw mark (maaka to’ofua) ‘o toki ma’u mei ai e “final assessment grade” (fakakalasi) ‘a ia ko e A+, A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C- ‘o faai hifo ai; (5) Ne tau mavahe mai he 2012 mei Fisi; (6) Na’e toki hoko pe polopalema ‘i he liliu maaka he ngaahi ta’u mai ki mui ni ‘i he to lalo ‘a e sivi pea lahi hono hiki  e maaka (scale up), pea na’e fakamo’oni’i ‘i hono fakafoki e tamaiki mei Fisi he ta’u kuo ‘osi ke toe fakalelei’i; (7) Ko e (6) ko e ola ‘o e to lalo e raw mark (maaka to’ofua) ‘o e tokolahi ‘o ne fusi hifo ai e ‘avalisi (mean) ki lalo pea ‘i hono liliu ki he standard score (maaka tulifua) na’a ne fufuu’i ‘a e to lalo e maaka ‘o toki ‘ilo mei he USP ‘a ia ko e fo’ui pe ola kovi ia ‘o hono ngāue’aki ‘o e standard score (maaka tulifua); (8) Na’e ‘ikai lava ‘e he standard score (maaka tulifua) ‘o fakafofonga’i lelei e tu’unga mahino mo e ‘ilo ‘a e tamaiki ako; (9) Makatu’unga ‘i he (8) ne kole leva ai e kau faiako ke fakafoki mai e raw mark (maaka to’ofua) kae lava ke nau ma’u ha fakafuofua ki he tu’unga ‘oku ‘iai e mahino mo e ‘ilo ‘a e tamaiki ako.

Teu fakama’ala’ala atu mei he tohi ‘a Fongoloa moe Vai ‘a e (6) - (9), pea teu toki foki ki he (1) – (5) ‘i he’eku tohi hoko, ‘o anga pehe ni:
(6) mo e (7): Ko e standard(ized) score (maaka tulifua) na’a ku ‘oatu hono ‘uhinga mo e founga hono fika’i na’e ‘ikai kau ai ha hiki hake (scale up) pe tuku hifo (scale down) koe’uhi ko e to lalo ‘a e maaka to’ofua (raw mark). Kapau kuo ngalo, ko e ‘uhinga e standard score ko ha me’afua tau’atāina ‘oku ne: (1) tala e tu’unga ‘o e manatu mo e mahino ‘a e tokotaha na’a ne fai ha sivi; (2) fai e fakahoa ‘i he va ‘o ha ngaahi lesoni ko ha ola ‘o e sivi ‘a ha tokotaha, pe ‘i he va ‘o ha ni’ihi na’a nau sivi ‘i ha lesoni tatau, pea ‘e lava foki ke fa’u mei ai ha fakama’opo’opo ke ne fakahoko ha fakahoa ‘i ha tu’unga ‘oku toe fihiange.

Ko e ‘uhinga eni ‘oku kole ai e ‘avalisi mei he maaka to’ofua pea toki vahevahe’aki e ‘avalisi ‘o e feliliuaki ‘i hono fika’i ‘o e maaka tulifua, ke ‘ave lesoni kotoa ki he tu’unga tatau, ‘a ia ko e fa’ahinga fokotu’utu’u ‘oku hangē ha fafangu (bell-shape) pe koia ‘oku ‘iloa ko e “normal” ko hono ‘avalisi ko e 0 (noa) pea ko e ‘avalisi feliliuaki ko e 1 (taha).

Ko e tu’unga foki ‘oku ‘i ai e fakatalanoa ‘oku fai ‘oku ‘ikai faingofua ka neongo ia ko e founga pe eni ‘oku ala ke fai ai hano tālanga’i ‘o e me’a ni. ‘Oku ou faka’amu pe keu fakamahino ko e puipuitu’a ‘o e standard(ized) score ko e taha ia ‘o e ngaahi makatuliki ‘o e fika-sitatisitika ‘a ia ‘oku ui ko e “Central Limit Theorem”. ‘Oku ‘uhinga ki he fiema’u ke tokolahi e tamaiki ‘oku sivi ‘i ha lesoni ‘o ka ‘oku ‘ikai ke potupotutatau ‘a e fokotu’utu’u ‘o hangē ha fafangu pea mo e malava ke liliu ko ia ke “normal” ‘avalisi ko e 0 (noa) pea ‘avalisi feliliuaki ko e 1 (taha).

Kaikehe, (8) mo e (9): ‘Oku ‘ikai keu tui ‘oku totonu ke ma’u ha laiseni faiako ‘a ha taha ‘oku ‘ikai ke ne lava ‘o lau e laini mata’ifika (number line). Ko e standard score (maaka tulifua) ‘oku fokotu’utu’u ‘o toloto ‘i he laini mata’ifika mei he -4 ki he 4. Pea kapau ‘e kouti (code) ke faingofua hono lau ‘e he tamaiki ako mo ‘e nau mātu’a pea tau pehē lipooti e -4 ko e 1 ‘a ia ko e -3 ‘e 2, -2 ‘e 3, -1 ‘e 4, 0 ‘e 5, 1 ‘e 6, 2 ‘e 7, 3 ‘e 8 pea 4 ‘e 9, ‘a ia ko e kouti fo’ou ko e 1 ki he 9. Ko fe me’a heni ‘oku faingata’a ke mahino ki he kau faiako?.

(Teu toki hoko atu)