Maaka To'ofua (Raw Mark) mo e Maaka Tulifua (Standardized Score) Konga 1 ^Featured

Ko e ki’i fie tokoni eni ki he kaveinga kuo fuofuoloa mai hono tālanga’i ‘o fekau’aki mo e founga ke ngāue’aki ‘e he ngāhi high school pe kolisi ki hono fakamaaka e sivi fakapule’anga. Ko e ‘uluaki tukuaki’i na’a ku fanongo ki ai koe pehē ko e polokalama komipiuta ‘oku ngāue’aki ‘oku ngāue lelei pe ‘i he ngāhi ‘apiako tokosi’i ka ‘oku polopalema ‘i he ngāhi ‘apiako tokolahi.

Na’a ku faitohi leva ki he Talēkita Ako, ‘Emelī Moala Pouvalu, kapau ko e polopalema ia pea teu lava ‘o fakatonutonu e polokalama komipiuta tatau pe ‘i ha fa’ahinga lea (computer language) pe. Kaikehe na’e ‘ikai tali mai ‘eku tohi ‘e he Talēkita pea neu fakakaukau pe ‘oku ‘ikai ko e polopalema ia ka e mahalo koha me’a kehe pe.

Neu toe fanongo ‘i he uike ni ‘oku toe ma’anu hake ‘a e fetūkuaki ‘i he vā ‘o e raw mark mo e standardization pea ‘oku tu’unga ai ‘a e ki’i fakamatala ko eni na’a ala ke tokoni pe ki hono fakamaama ‘o e kaveinga ni. Ko e raw mark ko e māka ia ‘oku ‘oange ‘e he tokotaha ‘a’ahi sivi ki he ta’ahine pe tamasi’i ako na’a ne fai e sivi koia pe ko e sivi hisitolia, tauhi tohi pe ha lesoni pe. Ko e sivi foki ‘oku ‘osi vahevahe mai pe ‘e he tokotaha ‘oku ne seti ‘a e sivi ‘a e māka ki he fehu’i takitaha pea ‘i honau tānaki fakakātoa ‘o e māka ‘oku ma’u leva ai ‘a e māka haohaoa.

‘Oku ‘ikai ha tu’utu’uni tukupau ki he māka haohaoa ‘aia ‘e lava pe ia ke 10, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100, 120 pe ha fa’ahinga mata’ifika pe ‘o a’u ki he falakiseni pe tesimale. ‘Oku mahino pe ko e māka ma’olalo taha ko e 0. ‘I he ‘osi hono ‘a’ahi ‘o e sivi ‘e tānaki fakakātoa leva ‘e he tokotaha ‘a’ahi sivi ‘a e māka ‘o e tamasi’i pe ta’ahine ako pea koia ‘oku ui ko e raw mark.

‘A ia kapau ko hoto māka fakakātoa ‘i ha fo’i lesoni, tau pehē ko e siokālafi, ko e 65 ‘oku ala ke tala mei ai ko e māka haohaoa ‘i he sivi ko e 65 pe lahiange. Ko kinautolu he kalasi ‘oku si’i hifo he 65 ‘oku te laka kita ‘ia nautolu pea ko kinautolu ‘oku 65 ‘oku te tu’unga tatau mo kinautolu pea ko kinautolu ‘oku laka he 65 ‘oku nau laka kinautolu ‘ia kita.

‘A ia ko e fakahoa ‘oku ala fai ‘e he raw mark ‘oku makatu’unga ia ‘i he māka ‘o e tokotaha ‘oku tau to’o mai ke tau sio kiai, ko kita pe tau pehē ko Sione, ‘aia ‘oku ‘ikai tau’atāina he kapau te tau liliu kia Sione ‘e makatu’unga leva ‘e tau fakahoa ‘i he raw mark ‘o Sione.

Ko e ‘uluaki polopalema eni ‘o e raw marks he ‘oku fepaki fehangahangai mo e taha ‘o e ngāhi tefito’i ‘ulungaanga ta’ealale’eia ‘o e Ako pea moe fakatotolo fakaako ‘aia ko e fuakava ke ‘oua na’a filifilimānako (bias) mo fai hoto loto (subjectivity) ka e tuku tau’atāina (objectivity) ‘a e ngāue fakaako kotoapē.  

Ko e sivi ‘a e ngāhi ‘apiako ‘oku ua hono taumu’a (1) ke vakai’i e tu’unga ‘o e manatu mo e mahino ‘a e tamaiki ako; (2) ke ‘i ai ha makatu’unga ke fai hano fakahoa ‘o e fānau ako. Kapau ko e me’a pe ‘oku tau lekooti ko e raw mark pea he’ikai ha makatu’unga ia ke ma’u ai e ongo taumu’a (1) mo e (2).

‘Oku ‘iai e me’angāue fakafika ‘oku ui ko e ‘avalisi (average), ‘a ia ko hono tānaki fakakātoa ‘o e raw marks ‘a e tamaiki ‘oku sivi pea vahevahe’aki honau tokolahi. ‘Oku lava ke ngāue’aki e ‘avalisi ki he taumu’a (1). Kapau ‘oku tokolahiange ‘a e tamaiki ‘oku ‘ova he ‘avalisi pea te tau ala fakama’opo’opo ko ha kalasi ‘oku tu’unga lelei pea ka tokolahiange ‘a e ‘i lalo ‘i he ‘avalisi pea ta ko e kalasi ‘oku polopalema.

Ko e feinga koia ke fakahoko e taumu’a hono (2), ‘a e fakahoa, ‘oku toe fiema’u leva ‘a e fo’i fua fakafika ‘e taha ‘oku ui ia ko e variance ‘aia ‘oku makatu’unga pe mo ia ‘i he ‘avalisi. ‘Oku ‘uhinga e variance ki he natula feliliuaki, faikehekehe pe ta’etatau ‘o e ngāhi me’a ‘oku fekumi kiai ‘a e kakai ako. He’ikai mole taimi ha taha ako ke fai ha fekumi ki ha me’a ‘oku tu’u ma’u ta’e liliu.

Ko e variance ko e toe ‘avalisi pe moia ka ko e ‘avalisi ‘o e faikehekehe ‘o e raw mark ‘a e tamaiki he kalasi pea mo e ‘avalisi ‘o ‘enau raw mark. ‘Oku ou ‘ilo pe ‘oku ki’i faingata’a ki he tokolahi ‘a e konga fakafika ko eni ka ko e puipuitu’a ia ‘o e fika ‘oku natula pe ke faingata’a ka ‘e mole ke mama’o ke tau tukulolo ai koe’uhi ko ‘ene faingata’a ka tau nofo pe he raw mark.

Kaikehe, ‘i hono ma’u mo e variance pea ‘e toki lava leva ke fika’i ‘a e standardized score, ‘a eni ‘oku fai ai e tālanga ‘a e fonua pe koe fe ‘e ngāue’aki, ko e raw mark pe standardized score. Ko e ‘uhinga foki ‘o e standard ko e fo’i fua ‘oku tulifua ki ai ha fa’ahinga ngāue.  

Ko e standardized score ko e mata’ifika ‘oku ne fakafofonga’i ‘a e vāmama’o ‘o e raw mark fakafo’ituitui pea mo e ‘avalisi ‘o e kotoa ‘o e raw mark ‘o e tamaiki na’e sivi ‘i he kalasi. ‘Oku fai leva e fakahoa ‘o ngāue’aki e standardized score ‘o e tamaiki ako pea tau lava ‘o fakahoa a Sione mo Mele ka ko e makatu’unga kuo ‘osi tafakatatau pea kuo potupotutatau pea ‘oku ma’u leva mei ai ‘a e fakahoa tau’atāina (objectivity).

‘Oku ‘iai foki mo e ngāhi tānaki ki hono fika’i ‘o e standardized score ka ko e taumu’a pe ia ke faingfofuaange hono ngāue’aki.

(Teu toe hoko’i atu pe ‘a e fakama’ala’ala ko eni ‘i he uike kaha’u)